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Industry
Report Cisco Systems
(CSCO) - Hold Procera
Networks (PKT) – Strong Buy SandVine Corp. (SVT) -
Buy Allot
Communications (ALLT) - Hold Joseph
Noel Jnoel701@yahoo.com Emerging
Growth Research San
Francisco, California 925.922-2560 Analyst
Certification I, Joseph Noel, hereby certify (1) that the views expressed in this
research company report accurately reflect my personal views about any or all
of the subject securities or issues reflected in this company February 8, 2009 |
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Breaking the Traffic
Management Deployment Logjam - As the Rules Have Become Clearer Deployments
Are Beginning at a Rapid Pace Cisco, Procera Networks, Sandvine Corp. and Allot
Communications - How Do They Stack up and which will be the Winners Executive Summary We believe
2009 will be a breakout year for the traffic management and deep packet
inspection subsector of the networking industry. Internet traffic continues to grow at a torrid
pace, mainly led by video-oriented applications. This growth in traffic threatens to swamp
the world's Internet Service Providers (ISPs), potentially leading to
catastrophic failure of the Internet. ISPs and
telecommunications carriers are faced with many issues in selecting
strategies, products and services to manage this issue. Initial traffic management strategies
invoke policies of simply disconnecting some users who were viewed by the ISP
as abusers of network resources. In
particular, large file transfers using BitTorrent, a peer-to-peer file
transfer technology, were an initial target of such policies. Many powerful corporate and government
entities actively pushed the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to ban
these policies, ultimately resulting in a “wrist slap” of the country's
largest ISP, Comcast, from the FCC. Over the
past few months, many, but not all, of the competing factions have
compromised on a set of policies that will allow certain less aggressive network
management policies to be enacted by ISPs.
Cox Cable, the country's third-largest ISP, recently issued a policy
statement discussing how it will implement an application based
prioritization policy that will delay some types of traffic, such as large
file transfers, during periods of peak demand. While some parties are still not happy with
this policy, the ISP industry nevertheless feels it now has a set of parameters
on which sound traffic management policies can be set. We believe this signals the beginning of a
period of much more aggressive rollouts of traffic management systems. We believe this will be beneficial to
several vendors within this subsector of the networking industry. In
particular, we are excited about the revenue growth prospects for Procera
Networks (ASE:PKT) and we are actively recommending purchase of the Company's
shares at current levels. We recently
raised our revenue estimates and we are predicting aggressive growth
throughout 2009. We also believe
Sandvine Corp. (TSX:SVC;AIM:SAND), the incumbent
provider at many ISPs, will also benefit from this renewed growth. Overall, we believe Procera has a superior
platform, but we recognize that unseating incumbent vendors is extremely
difficult. While we believe Procera
will begin taking market share, we expect Sandvine to remain an important
part of ISP traffic management strategies for an extended period of
time. Both are strong companies and
worthy of investment by risk adverse small cap investors seeking superior
returns. Cisco
Systems is also an important player in this market, but considering traffic
management is a very small portion of revenues, we do not believe investors
can play Cisco relative to the growth of traffic management. We are very conservative relative to owning
shares of Allot Communications (Nasdaq:ALLT),
because revenue growth has been elusive and restoration is uncertain. 2009 and
2010 are likely to be years of strong revenue and earnings growth for
companies in this sector. All of the
vendors in this space will likely operate at gross margins in excess of 80%,
possibility as high as 90%, at full production levels. With relatively limited sales and marketing
resources required to successfully service this market and only moderate
R&D expenses being required, operating margins for these vendors are
likely to be very strong.
Additionally, the major players in this space have strong balance
sheets and are likely not to need additional cash to execute their business
plans. With the strong growth and high
margins likely to be experienced by these companies, we believe the major
network and/or software players will likely show acquisition interest at some
point during 2009. Simply put
– The Internet traffic management sector should boom during 2009 and well
into 2010. PKT is our top pick, but we
believe an investment in SVC is also sound.
We are conservative on ALLT. 2009 - The Breakout Year
for Traffic Management and DPI We believe
2009 will be the breakout year for traffic management and deep packet
inspection systems for several reasons.
The most important of these is simply that video-oriented traffic on
the Internet continues to grow at a rapid pace and is reaching critical
levels for the vast majority of Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The second major reason we believe
significant growth in this subsector of the networking industry is on the
horizon is the fairly recent belief among ISPs that the use of protocol
oriented traffic prioritization will not bring the wrath of the FCC down upon
them and that such traffic management methodologies will also be acceptable
to the majority of the very vocal network neutrality advocacy groups. In this one is simple paragraph we thrown a
lot technical terms and details at you, so in an effort to explain what we
are really talking about here we will discuss these issue a bit further. Traffic Growth on the
Internet Is Staggering First of
all, we believe 2009 will be a breakout year for traffic management and deep
packet inspection systems simply because the amount of traffic being
generated on the Internet continues to grow at a staggering pace. This growth is creating serious problems
for ISPs worldwide. The biggest culprit
in this growth is clearly video-oriented traffic. As the generations who grew up watching
television increase their use of the Internet they increasingly desire
video-oriented materials. Advertisers,
marketers, and Hollywood are rapidly giving the Internet user exactly what
they want. The result has been a
tremendous increase in the amount of video-oriented traffic on the
Internet. For example, according to
the Web management firm comScore Inc., U.S.
Internet users viewed to record 14.3 billion videos online during December
2008. This was up an incredible 13%
over the previous month - to clarify - we are not talking about 13%
year-over-year - we are talking about 13% month over month! YouTube, a site that stores videos, is the
single largest bandwidth consumer on the Internet with its traffic up nearly
50% year-over-year. It is
estimated that the U.S. portion of the Internet alone will be at least 50
times larger in the year 2015 compared to its size at the end of 2006, with
most of this growth coming from video-oriented traffic. A recent report by Nemertes
Research estimates that the Internet industry will need to invest some $137
billion over the next few years in order to keep up with these bandwidth
demands. According to the report, much
of this investment will be to expand bandwidth, but a considerable portion
will also be spent on traffic management capabilities. The
transmission of video across the Internet consumes a significant amount of
bandwidth, often times more than 100 times that used by voice communications
or by the ordinary accessing of a website.
This tremendous growth in “YouTube” style video viewing is becoming a
major problem for Internet service providers, but it is not the biggest video
oriented problem facing the industry.
A far bigger concern is the mass downloading of large video-oriented
files through the use of programs such BitTorrent, which is a free, open
source file sharing application used for distributing very large software and
media files. When many users on the Internet
simultaneously use programs they can potentially consume all of the bandwidth
available on certain portions of the Internet preventing other users from
accessing resources. Establishing Traffic
Management Policies Is Not Simple Just take a
look at an example relative to this issue.
Let's take the case of a Comcast customer who subscribes to the
service provider’s cable modem service.
The customer occasionally surfs the web and checks his e-mail, but
uses the service for little else. Such
a customer consumes very little bandwidth and does so only occasionally. This particular customer, however, has a
neighbor across the street who likes to download movies from the Internet and
another neighbor next door who does the same thing. The situation can easily arise that when
both of these neighbors are downloading movies they would consume all of the
available bandwidth on the system, preventing the first customer from
accessing even the limited amount of bandwidth needed to check his e-mail. As the popularity of video on the Internet
grows, these situations are becoming more commonplace. In such a
situation Comcast, or any other ISP, faces a dilemma. Certainly they must provide access to the
first customer who simply wants to occasionally check his e-mail or view web
pages. Additionally, however, they
also have a responsibility to the customers who wishes to download
movies. One option is to simply add
more bandwidth to the network and this is being done at a rapid pace. The pace at which
bandwidth needs are growing, however, is easily outpacing the ISPs’ ability
to add bandwidth fast enough.
Additionally, such additions of bandwidth are very inexpensive. An alternative for Internet service
provider is to deploy some type of traffic management system on the network
that will allow all of the users to fairly share the available network
resources. This is a function of
traffic management systems offered by companies such as Cisco Systems,
Procera Networks, Allot Communications, Sandvine Corp. and others. While the
deployment of these traffic management systems is clearly a necessity as
traffic on the Internet continues to grow, such deployments have been very
controversial. The controversy mainly
relates in the methodology used to determine how the competing customers can
“fairly” share the limited available bandwidth resources. The big
problem here is that the ISPs never envisioned that the downloading of video
would become such a big problem - the problem simply snuck up on them over
the past few years. It's a big
problem, however, and one that they are forced to deal with, but making all
the parties happy is proving to be elusive.
One thing is clear, doing nothing is not an
option as bandwidth on the Internet continues to grow at a rapid pace threatening
to bring the Internet to its knees. Here's a
rundown of the possible options for ISPs in managing this problem. On the
surface it may appear to many who are not intimately
involved in the networking industry that this problem could easily be solved
by simply adding more bandwidth to the network. While to some extent this is true, adding
enough bandwidth is an extremely expensive and time-consuming process. An additional issue is that network users
have consistently found ways to consume all of the bandwidth that is made
available to them. Over the past 50
years the amount of bandwidth on telecommunications networks has increased
thousands of times over, yet we are still faced with network capacity
constraints. Many who follow the
industry believe that even if current amounts of bandwidths were doubled,
tripled, or even quadrupled over the next few years, Internet users would
still find ways to consume all of this bandwidth. Because of these issues, adding bandwidth
to the network will not fix the problem. We believe
that most reasonable people who investigate this issue would come to the
determination that the easiest way to fix the traffic dilemma is to simply
prohibit or restrict the activities of the relatively few number of
individuals who are causing the bandwidth bottlenecks on the network. Some executives at the Internet service
providers also took the same approach by implementing traffic management
solutions that simply disconnected such users during times of peak demand. What seemed
like a relatively easy solution created a firestorm of controversy. Unrestricted access to the Internet is
considered by many in certain intellectual, government and Internet circles
of society as somewhat of a sacred birthright that should be defended vigorously. The issue, often referred to as “Network
Neutrality” is the principle that says all information flowing across the
Internet should be treated equally.
When it was discovered that industry leader Comcast was blocking or
disconnecting certain peer-to-peer applications, such as BitTorrent, members
of these groups and several members of the media loudly chastised
Comcast. Powerful corporations, such
as Google, eBay, Intel, and Microsoft, and leading Internet related academics
from Harvard, Stanford and Columbia Universities, along with a host of
consumer and civil liberty organizations have joined in the debate against
Comcast and the other ISPs. The Comcast “Hand Slap”
Was a Significant Industry Event In late
2008, the FCC sided with these groups giving Comcast a “slap on the wrist”
for blocking certain types of applications in favor of others. Where Comcast ran afoul of the FCC relates
to the methodology that was used to manage the huge amounts of traffic on the
network. Comcast, which was using relatively
unsophisticated traffic management equipment from Canadian-based, Sandvine,
Inc., effectively disconnected users who are transferring large files. While the technical details of how this was
accomplished are beyond the scope of this report - simply put - when Comcast
noticed these large file transfers taking place it injected data streams into
the file transfer causing the file transfers to terminate. This clearly violated the premise of
“Network Neutrality” and potentially violated long-standing FCC regulations. The FCC's
main objection was not that Comcast was managing its traffic, but rather that
it was doing so rather arbitrarily and not informing customers of the
policies it enacted. In our opinion,
this was a valid point because Comcast disconnected even small BitTorrent
file transfers even though there was significant bandwidth available on the
network. The FCC action
and the controversy surrounding it had a negative impact on the deployment of
traffic management systems. While it
was clear to the ISPs that the methodology invoked by Comcast was
unacceptable to the FCC, it was unclear what methodologies would be
acceptable. While the legalities and
regulations relating to proper Internet traffic management were being sorted
out, the ISPs stood on the sidelines relative to the deployment of additional
of traffic management systems. This
caused revenue reductions at several vendors in this space. The Rules Become Clearer Recently,
much has changed relative to this situation.
While the FCC has not issued formal guidelines relative to acceptable
traffic management practices, somewhat of an understanding between all the
parties has evolved over the past few months.
Most of the parties now agree that some form of traffic management is
needed to prevent the Internet from being completely clogged with no one
being able to do anything at all on the Internet. It is now generally believed that traffic
management based on time sensitivity of Internet traffic will be acceptable
to the FCC. Additionally, it is very
clear that the FCC will not tolerate any ISP limiting the delivery of any
certain types of traffic. It appears
that the delaying certain types of traffic are okay as long as that traffic
is able to reach its final destination.
Additionally, it also now clear that ISPs
need to make the public aware of the general principles of its traffic
management policies. Earlier
this month, Cox Cable announced a new network management policy that it
believes adheres to this philosophy.
Cox, the country's third-largest ISP, announced it will divide all
traffic into two categories - time sensitive and non-time sensitive. When the network is congested, time
sensitive traffic - applications that are naturally intolerant of delay, such
as voice calls, gaming, instant messaging and web pages - will travel through
the network unimpeded. During times of
congestion, low priority traffic - such as file uploads, peer-to-peer
applications and video downloads - would be momentarily slowed until the
congestion is mitigated. With the
increased clarity of what is acceptable and what is not acceptable, the
industry is starting to see the logjam in the deployment of traffic
management systems that was created by the FCC action against Comcast
beginning to clear. During the first
half of 2009 we are expecting all of the major Internet service providers to
begin deployments of sophisticated traffic management systems to manage the
ever-growing amounts of bandwidths being generated by their customers. New Rules Require New Solutions The
equipment that will be required to meet the new demands of the ISPs will be
significantly more sophisticated than previous generations. In order to meet FCC requirements,
increased computing power will be required within the systems as will much
more advanced traffic identification technologies. We believe these requirements will force
the ISPs to turn toward the newer generations of traffic management devices
at the expense of legacy systems that are still being offered by some vendors. While there
has been some clarification by the FCC relative what are unacceptable traffic
management policies, there have been no clear-cut definitions. An additional factor is that President
Obama has recently announced the nomination of a new FCC Chairman, who is a
strong supporter of network neutrality.
While the ISPs believe the policies under the new FCC regime will
change little, there is still some uncertainty. Because of this we believe ISPs will select
equipment for traffic management that offers a great deal of flexibility in
setting traffic management policies.
In our opinion, this is an additional factor that points toward the
need for next generation traffic management solutions as they are inherently
more flexible than legacy systems. What This Means for
Traffic Management Industry 2008 was a
year of significant change relative to the issue of traffic management on the
Internet. The regulators and the
powerful Internet related corporations have clearly won a major battle toward
ensuring network neutrality and limiting heavy-handed ISP traffic management
policies. As a result, ISPs have
refined their traffic management philosophies eliminating policies they were
clearly unacceptable and have invoked a new set of parameters that allow them
to still provide reasonable Internet access, without completely eliminating
access to anyone application or group. In order to
invoke these more reasonable policies, ISPs will need to turn toward next
generation traffic management solutions that allow them to closely monitor
traffic flows through their networks and to quickly identify the different
types of traffic being sent by subscribers.
Additionally, because the rules are likely to change over time, new
traffic management systems must offer the ISP a great deal of flexibility to
change policies as these rules are modified or changed. Simply put - relative to traffic management
systems it is intelligence and flexibility that will win the day in the
competitive battles between the vendors.
The Main Industry Players Next, just
take a look at the different vendors in the industry and what they are
offering relative to these new requirements. There are
four major publicly traded vendors competing for business in this space -
Cisco Systems (Nasdaq:CSCO) with a total market
capitalization of nearly $100 billion, Procera Networks (ASE:PKT) with a
total market capitalization of approximately $67 million, Sandvine Corp. (TSX:SVC;AIM:SAND) with a market capitalization of
approximately $97 million and Allot Communications (Nasdaq:ALLT)
with a market capitalization of approximately $35 million. Cisco
Systems and Sandvine have strong incumbent positions at major ISPs and
telecommunications carriers that they must defend from Procera Networks,
Allot Communications and a host of other vendors that are now moving into
this space. We do not consider Cisco's
traffic management system to be particularly strong, but due to their overall
power in the market, the Company will likely still be successful in competing
for market share. Sandvine Corp. Sandvine
holds incumbent status at several major U.S. carrier accounts and because of
this they are likely to be a tough competitor and difficult to dislodge. For the most recently reported quarter,
ending November 30, 2008 Sandvine reported revenues of $18.6 million and an
impressive 82% gross margin. Sandvine
also continues to have an impressive balance sheet with approximately C$93
million of cash and marketable securities and no long-term debt. The Company's R&D spending is also
impressive at approximately C$8 million during the most recently reported
quarter. For the last two quarters,
however, the company's U.S. sales have been down significantly, a situation
we attribute to the stagnation in the market due to the issues we outlined
above. During May
of 2008 Sandvine announced an important enhancement to its traffic
optimization platform called FairShare. This upgrade enables ISPs to better
allocate network resources during periods of congestion. While the availability of this product
enhancement has enabled Sandvine to keep its current major customers, we do
not believe the enhancement matches the capabilities offered by Procera
Networks. We believe it is likely that
Sandvine's major customers are actively considering
other solutions that will offer more accurate traffic identification and
increased flexibility in setting up policies for traffic management. Sandvine is clearly the incumbent in this
space and any vendor seeking to unseat them will need to have a product that
offers significant benefits to the carrier.
While we believe Sandvine has some vulnerability relative to some of
its major incumbent accounts, we nevertheless believe the company will
continue to be successful in this fast growing space. With
Sandvine shares trading at just approximately 1.3 times last quarter’s
annualized revenues; we do not consider the shares to be particularly
expensive. We believe the Company will
remain a major player in this market and would consider the shares to be a
good buy at current levels considering that it likely that its U.S. sales
will accelerate over the next few quarters. Allot Communications Ltd. Allot
Communications Ltd. has also seen success in the traffic management market,
particularly with international mobile broadband carriers. The Company has recently struggled with
growing its quarterly revenues and as result the price of the Company's stock
has suffered with the shares currently trading near a 52-week low. The balance sheet remains very sound,
however, with approximately $54 million of cash and marketable securities and
very little long-term debt. We see
Allot continuing to be successful, particularly with the international
carriers, but we do not believe its products are strong enough to unseat Sandvine
at major U.S.-based ISP accounts.
Allot Communications will report its fourth-quarter and full-year 2008
results on February 12, 2008. Allot
currently trades at just over one times the last quarter revenues annualized. We would certainly want to see revenue
growth at the Company resume before considering the shares for purchase. Procera Networks We believe
Procera Networks has the best overall traffic management platform on the
market today. However, Procera is
fighting against a strong incumbent vendor (Sandvine) at several major accounts. It is usually difficult for many small-cap
investors to understand the dynamics of unseating an incumbent vendor at an
ISP or telecommunications carrier. It
is extremely difficult. The
relationship between any equipment or software vendor and the ISP staff
matures over a significant period of time.
The ISPs come to depend heavily on their incumbent vendors for
operational and technical support.
Even if a new vendor presents a solution that is vastly superior to
that offered by the incumbent vendor it often not enough to invoke a change
of vendors. It is typically only over
an extended period of time that the carrier will consider adding a new vendor
to the mix. Often times, the incumbent
vendor's products will still remain an important part of the ISP’s operation
for many years even after a new vendor is selected. Due to
these dynamics we believe that Sandvine will have a strong position at most
of the major US-based ISPs for an extended period of time. We believe a likely scenario over the coming
few quarters is that Procera will begin to also be installed at these
carriers. We view
Procera's platform as being superior to all others mainly due to its highly
accurate traffic identification capabilities.
Based in our discussions with industry personnel, head-to-head tests
between Procera's product and others on the market have clearly demonstrated
Procera's superior abilities in this area.
As ISPs migrate toward traffic based prioritization, such capabilities
will be increasingly important. We also
believe Procera's product excels in the area of policy setting, storage of
traffic management information, and particularly in its ability to link this
traffic management information to the ISP’s operational support systems. We continue
to be excited about the introduction of the Company’s multi-gigabit product,
called the PL10000. There is a race on
among competitors in this subsector of the networking industry for the
development and fielding of a multi-gigabit platform that can serve the needs
of the largest Internet service and networking providers. Because of the very flexible underlying
architecture on which Procera's technology is based, DRDL, it is our opinion
that Procera is in a strong leadership position for the delivery of such a
product to an industry that is actively seeking solutions to its growing
bandwidth related problems. Based on
the approximately 79 million fully diluted shares, which were outstanding as
of the end of the last reported quarter, Procera's total market
capitalization at time of publication is approximately $63 million (at $0.80
a per share), which is approximately 1.6X our current $40 million estimate
for calendar 2009. Summary In summary,
we believe Procera Networks will see significant growth over the next few
quarters and we see the Company likely turning profitable during either the
first or second quarter of 2009. While
we think Procera has the strongest stock appreciation potential because of
the dramatic revenue growth expected over the coming quarters, we also
believe Sandvine is also likely to do well during 2009. We do not expect Procera to unseat Sandvine
as the main incumbent vendor during 2009, but we do believe Procera will
likely take some market share during the year. We would be cautious relative to owning
shares of Allot Communications as we believe it will be difficult for the
Company to show substantial top line revenue growth over the coming
quarters. All three of these
companies, however, have strong potentials for producing very high gross margins
- all likely well in excess of 80% - and all have strong balance sheets with
very little to no debt. It is clear
to us that the logjam in traffic management deployments created by
ill-defined FCC guidelines and regulations is clearing. We are predicting 2009 to be a banner year
for the traffic management subsector of the networking industry. The amount of video oriented traffic on the
Internet continues to grow at a rapid pace and this will force all Internet service
providers to increase the amount of available bandwidth on their network and
to implement sound of traffic management policies in order to prevent
catastrophic failure of their networks.
This is a very real concern for the industry and solutions must be
immediately implemented. We believe
the four companies profiled in this report will all likely realize strong
revenue as a result. |
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Analyst and Other
Important Disclosures Analyst
Certification - I, Joseph Noel, hereby certify (1) that the views expressed
in this research company report accurately reflect my personal views about
any or all of the subject securities or issuers referred to in this company
report and (2) no part of my compensation was, is, or will be directly or
indirectly related to the specific recommendations or views expressed in this
company report. Analyst: Joseph Noel
is a 28-year veteran of the telecommunications and investment industries. Joe
was recently a senior analyst at Pacific Growth Equities, LLC, where he
tracked the communications equipment/services and advanced industrial
sectors. Prior to Pacific Growth, he covered both the telecommunications
equipment and services industries at Hambrecht & Quist and was employed
by Gartner/Dataquest as a communications industry analyst. Before becoming an
analyst, Mr. Noel received solid industry experience at a number of
telecommunications carriers, including MCI, where he was responsible for the
frame relay product marketing launch; and British Telecom, where he was
involved in strategic planning for the company’s Internet access service. He
was also employed by various Bell Operating Companies in both marketing and
technical roles for nearly ten years. Mr. Noel received his MBA in finance
from Wake Forest University, and holds a BS in business and economics. A
four-time Wall Street Journal All-Star Analyst, Joe specializes in emerging
growth companies in the communications, Internet and advanced industrial
equipment sectors. The coverage
analyst uses a relative rating system in which stocks are rated as; BUY,
SELL, or HOLD. Stock Ratings: BUY - the
stock is expected to outperform the unweighted expected total return of the
sector over a 12-month investment horizon. SELL - the
stock is expected to underperform the unweighted expected total return of the
sector over a-12 month time horizon HOLD - the
stock is expected to perform in line with the unweighted expected total
return of the sector over a 12-month investment horizon. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Information, opinions, or recommendations contained in
this research report are submitted solely for informational purposes. The
information used in statements of fact made has been obtained from sources considered
reliable, but we neither guarantee nor represent their completeness or
accuracy. Such information and the opinions expressed are subject to change
without notice. This research report is not intended as an offering or a
solicitation of any offer to buy or sell the securities mentioned or
discussed. The firm, its principles, or the assigned analyst may or may not
own or trade shares, options, or warrants of this covered company. Emerging Growth Research, LLP, has NOT
received, and will NOT receive, monetary compensation for the production of
this report and other related services.
The analyst responsible for the production of this report DOES NOT own
common stock and/or warrants in the subject company. The views expressed in
this research company report accurately reflect the analyst’s personal views
about any or all of the subject securities or issuers referred to in this
company report, and no part of the analyst’s or the firm’s compensation was,
or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific recommendation or
views expressed in this report. Opinions
expressed herein reflect the opinion of Emerging Growth Research, LLP and are
subject to change without notice. We
claim no responsibility to update the information contained in this report. Investors
should consider the suitability of any particular investment based on their
ability to accept certain levels of risk, and should not rely solely on this
report for information pertaining to the company covered. The material in
this document is intended for general circulation only and the
recommendations contained herein do not take into account the specific
objectives, financial situation, or particular needs of any particular
person. An investor should consult his
investment representative regarding the suitability of this investment and
take into account any specific investment objectives, financial situation, or
particular needs before he or she makes a commitment to purchase the shares
of this or any other company's stock.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any manner without the
written permission of Emerging Growth Research, LLP. |
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